The goal of a wellhead protection program is to identify, manage and protect the land areas that contribute groundwater to drinking water wells. When our drinking water is pumped into the water system from a groundwater well, the water within the aquifer is drawn towards the well. The size and shape of these aquifer areas supplying our wells depends on the unique characteristics of the aquifer as well as the pump. Using information from groundwater models and local hydrogeologic data, the boundaries of these groundwater recharge areas can be accurately identified.
Typically we identify the 5-, 50-, and 100-year capture zone boundaries contributing to a well's supply. Identifying these zones allows preventative measures to be established that prohibit or restrict future land-uses that have the potential to contaminate groundwater. Also, investigations to identify existing or historic land uses and potential contamination sources are documented so groundwater monitoring or management needs can be established.
The City of Madison has enacted ordinances to define and protect the wellhead protection zones for all 22 active wells. For more information on Madison's local ordinances related to wellhead protection, visit MGO Chapter 13 - Public Water Supply System (Section 22) or MGO Chapter 28 - Zoning Code (Section 107).
Monitoring Wells
Madison Water Utility uses monitoring wells to obtain representative groundwater quality samples and hydrogeologic information. They are generally located between a known or suspected source of groundwater contamination and a water supply well so contaminant plumes are detected before they reach the water supply.
Wellhead Protection Plans
In accordance with the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources established a statewide wellhead protection program that requires a wellhead protection plan to be developed for any municipal well proposed after May 1992 - which includes three of Madison's 22 active wells Madison Water Utility, however, is voluntarily completing wellhead protection plans for all active wells in our system.
| Well | Area Served | Wellhead Protection Plan | Appendix | Map |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Well 6 * | Near West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 7 | North, Near East | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 8 * | Near East | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 9 | East, Southeast | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 11 | East | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 12 | West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 13 | North | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 14 | West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 15 | East, Northeast | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 16 | West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 17 * | Central | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 18 | South | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 19 | Near West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 20 | Southwest | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 23 * | East | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 24 | Central, Near East | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 25 | Far East | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 26 | Far West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 27 * | Near West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 28 * | Far West | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 29 | Far East | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 30 | South | Plan | Appendix | Map |
| Well 31 | South | Plan | Appendix | Map |
* Seasonal well that typically operates during higher demand summer months.